Constraints on the antisymmetric part of , which we denote
, and
come from the birefringence constraints on photon propagation (see Section 6.3). Here the loop corrections
to the photon propagator induce a non-zero
, which can be directly constrained. This yields a
constraint on all three coefficients of order
. A bound
can be derived from the
cyclotron frequencies of hydrogen ions and anti-protons. Bounds on the CPT violating term
come
from both the spin polarized torsion balance experiments and the noble gas maser. The torsion
experiments bound the
and
components (where
is parallel to the earth’s rotation axis)
at the level of
and the transverse components at
. The
maser system gives a better, although less clean, bound on the transverse components of order
.
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