Models with accelerated expansion are now an important subject in cosmology. They have been
important for a long time in connection with the early universe, where inflation plays a key role. More
recently they have acquired a new significance in view of accumulating observational evidence that the
expansion of the universe is accelerating at the present epoch. For these reasons it is particularly
interesting to consider solutions of the Einstein equations which are appropriate for modelling
cosmic acceleration. The last four Sections 7.3 to 7.6 are devoted to various aspects of this
topic. An introductory account which describes some of the physical background can be found
in [305].
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