Figure 15

Figure 15: Example traces for phase and amplitude modulation: the upper plot a) shows a phase-modulated sine wave and the lower plot b) depicts an amplitude-modulated sine wave. Phase modulation is characterised by the fact that it mostly affects the zero crossings of the sine wave. Amplitude modulation affects mostly the maximum amplitude of the wave. The equations show the modulation terms in red with m the modulation index and Ω the modulation frequency.