Figure 3: (Top) The potential versus the field
for the Starobinsky’s dark energy model (4.84) with and . (Bottom) The inverted
effective potential for the same model parameters as the top with . The field
value, at which the inverted effective potential has a maximum, is different depending on the density
, see Eq. (5.22). In the upper panel “de Sitter” corresponds to the minimum of the potential,
whereas “singular” means that the curvature diverges at .
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