Figure 3

Figure 3: (Top) The potential 2 2 V (ϕ) = (F R − f)∕(2κ F ) versus the field ∘ -------- ϕ = 3∕(16 π)mpl ln F for the Starobinsky’s dark energy model (4.84View Equation) with n = 1 and μ = 2. (Bottom) The inverted effective potential − Veff for the same model parameters as the top with ρ ∗ = 10Rcm2pl. The field value, at which the inverted effective potential has a maximum, is different depending on the density ∗ ρ, see Eq. (5.22View Equation). In the upper panel “de Sitter” corresponds to the minimum of the potential, whereas “singular” means that the curvature diverges at ϕ = 0.