Figure 29

Figure 5.2: Left: Two-way Doppler residuals (observed Doppler velocity minus model Doppler velocity) for Pioneer 10. On the vertical axis, 1 Hz is equal to 65 mm/s range change per second. Right: The best fit for the Pioneer 10 Doppler residuals with the anomalous acceleration taken out. After adding one more parameter to the model (a constant radial acceleration of aP = (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10− 10 m ∕s2) the residuals are distributed about zero Doppler velocity with a systematic variation ∼ 3.0 mm/s on a time scale of ∼ 3 months [27].