Key to Transcription Symbols
| verbal utterances | |
| turns | Text, text. |
| back channels | mhm, yeah |
| hesitation phenomena | ehm, uh |
| phonemic transcriptions | (/estu:ard/) |
| increased loudness | TEXT |
| emphasised speech | text |
| lengthened vowel | te:xt |
| spoken while laughing | @text |
| laughter | @@@ |
| cut-off turn | te- |
| re-organised turn | te/ Text, text. |
| brief pauses (up to 2 secs.) | .., ... |
| long pauses | (5s), (3m25s) |
| metatranscription: | |
| transcription not possible | ( ) |
| assumed transcription | (text) |
| comments | (( )) |
| simultaneous speech: | |
| simultaneous speech indicator | {{ |
| boundaries of simultaneous speech | [ ] |
| [2 2] | |
| [3 3] |